![]() For each driving condition, lane changing was initiated by drivers, at their discretion, in response to a slow-moving lead vehicle, which entered their lane. Results were compared to the Manual drive condition, where drivers controlled the vehicle at all times. ![]() For Full automation, the automated system managed the lane change, but participants initiated the manoeuvre by pulling the indicator lever. For Partial automation, drivers resumed control from the automated system and changed lane manually. Participants completed 12 lane-changing manoeuvres in three drives, categorised by degree of manual engagement with the driving task: Fully Manual Drive, Manual Intervention Required, Fully Automated Drive (Manual drive, Partial automation, Full automation). This driving simulator study compared drivers' eye movements during a series of lane-changes, which required different levels of motor control for their execution.
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